Soil physical properties

• Color
  • Munsell notation and what color indicates
  • Example in the field

• Texture – relative proportion of sand, silt and clay
• Texture-by-feel flowchart
  • Examples (minutes:seconds)
    • How-to: (4:04)
    • How-to: (12:58)
    • Sand (0:30 )
    • Loamy sand (1:25)
    • Sandy loam (1:41)
    • Clay
      • Step 1. Dry to moist (2:35)
      • Step 2. Moist to almost ready (3:20)
      • Step 3. Making the ribbon (3:06)

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• Texture in a jar: Lesson plan from SSSA and Soils4Teachers
• Texture by hydrometer method: How-to
  • Watch the sediments (sand) settle in the first 20 seconds.
  • Temperature makes a difference

• Structure
• Compaction (YouTube)
• Weathering is about change (YouTube)
• Erosion is about movement (YouTube)

Soil horizons in a soil profile: What’s the story? by Dr. Dirt

Soil chemical properties

• Soil is a Filter

• Soil is charged! (YouTube)

• Carbonate reaction
• Electrical Conductivity: Water, Salt, Lighty (YouTube, 36 seconds)
  • Electrical conductivity is used to diagnose soil salinity
• Redoximorphic features (RMF) – fluctuating water tables create alternating aerobic and anaerobic conditions that result in some reduced iron and manganese and, in some cases, their subsuequent loss (dull colors) and some oxidized iron and manganese (bright colors) – as in the story of the aggregateon the home page.
  • RMF (YouTube, 26 sec)
  • RMF (YouTube, 31 sec)

Soil Fertility

• Plant nutrients and the periodic table

• Liebig’s Law of the Minimum Click for Youtube video: 2.6 min

• 4Rs of Nutrient Management: Right Source, Right Rate, Right Place, Right Time
  • Right rate: Does corn need less nitrogen than producers use? Article by Lauren Quinn, Univ. Illinois – Champaign-Urbana
  • Right Source: Nitrogen – anhydrous ammonia fertilizer can be problematic

Biology: Soil is alive

• Overview: Soils4Teachers
• Berlese funnel to observe soil organisms
  • Lesson plan from SSSA and Soils4Teachers
• Microbes breathe (more or less): Soil respiration
  • Lesson plan from SSSA and Soils4Teachers
  • Updated methods, more background, temperature effects